Dog Day Afternoon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dog Day Afternoon - Essay Example As the paper highlights he was certainly assisted by the rest of the cast such as John Cazale as the saddest bank robber in the world, Sal and the possibly in one of his most unforgettable performances, the portrayal of Sonny’s â€Å"other wife† Leon by Chris Sarandon. And the many others all added to the cavalcade of this consciousness raising experience. However, the nature of Pacino’s performance and the amount of empathy he was able to invoke from the audience was the primary catalyst for their almost subconscious acceptance of an alternate view of the traditional leading man in the cinema. From this study it is clear that Dog Day Afternoon was made and released in 1975-76 during a time when countercultures and counterrevolutionaries were still on a rise from the sixties. In fact, it was probably even more acceptable now to mainstream audience who by this point had been exposed to the cold war and Fidel Castro and Hippies as well as the social reforms of civil rights movement that occurred throughout the sixties and is still occurring. This expression of a new masculinity challenges the traditional American emphasis on the hard hitting hero with a heart of gold, so to speak. Here in this film ther are certainly notions of some sexual liberation from gender stereotyping.   In a sense, most art, film, literature, etc. have a tendency to push the envelope of the cultures mind and gradually expose their audiences to a new attitude and more expansive ideas of what human being are supposed to be and what they can and should be capable of. Dog day Afternoon gives us an alternate viewpoint, a somewhat more blurry line between the criminal and the hero, the leading man and the sensitive male, so that the audience sees how it is possible to cheer for someone who may not be the cowboy with the white hat and cetrtainly not the typical hero of a tale.

THE IMPACT OF FDI IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA(SOUTH AFRICA, EGYPT, MORROCO Literature review

THE IMPACT OF FDI IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA(SOUTH AFRICA, EGYPT, MORROCO AND TUNISIA) - Literature review Example This aimed at providing a fuller and well rounded identification of issues that impact on the success and failure of most countries in transition such as South Africa in attracting FDI (Campos and Kinoshita, 2006:36). According to Campos and Kinoshita (2006), institutions, labour expenses, agglomeration, economies, and availability of natural resources are the main causes of FDI inflows to these countries. Another study by John C. Anyanwu (2012), who wrote the article Why Does Foreign Direct Investment Go Where It Goes?: New Evidence from African Countries, seeks to understand how the factors affecting the development of FDI will help the policymakers of Sub-Saharan African Countries in the formulation and execution of policies for attracting FDI. In this study, they used cross-country regressions for the period 1996-2008. Because they used cross-sectional data, they had to carry out four different empirical techniques to add more weight to their empirical results (Anyanwu, 2012:451). These techniques include robust pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), both OLS and FGLS methods to check historical data, and finally, the two-step (IV) efficient, generalized method of moments (GMM). These techniques ensured that the results are relevant to the African continent, its sub-regions and individual countries (Anyanwu, 2012:452). There is another study done by Ajayi (2006) titled The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: A Survey of the Evidence. In this study, they used case studies of countries under consideration as a way of collecting information about FDI. Their main area of focus in these case studies was identifying the common point that unites various factors that attract FDI to a country. They also sought to find out specific factors about some countries and see whether they could be successfully and beneficially applied to others

Impact of IMF Policies on China Financial Security

Impact of IMF Policies on China Financial Security Financial crisis swept over the world rapidly last three years. The globalisation and the developed of the derivatives have dramatically changed the whole financial market. The rate of global economic growth was continuing decrease. The economy, particularly financial services sectors suffered a critical strike, which a few investment bank, such as Lehman Brothers Holdings went bankrupt. As one of the largest financial institutions, International Monetary Fund must play more significant role in every areas of finance, especially for financial stability. The members of IMF should following three obligations regarding the abolition of exchange restrictions: Avoidance of restrictions upon current payment. Avoidance of discriminatory currency practices. Convertibility of foreign-held balances. It means IMF has the obligation that protects or makes the whole financial stability. China got a high mark in the process of coping with the financial crisis. The banking in China had a favourable performance, which was a viewpoint by CBRC President Liu Kangming. He pointed that China government had taken a package of measures to stimulate the economy. In the crisis, Chinas banking sectors overall performance, large commercial banks continued to improve profitability, and risk control ability was improved. The role of monetary policy should more significant, meanwhile, the capital market cannot relayed on which being the main source of fund. Between IMF and financial stability of China, it should exists inevitable connection which could impact on banking, credit and insurance. Through the relative research and data analysis, a quantity of experiences and lessons can be summarized and demonstrated, which will advantage other areas of the whole economy to exploit new ways or thinking. Besides, it may become reference to the future. The background of the dissertation Every nation like China is faced with financial management problems to which their business industry should be able to attend to in order to take the economy to move especially during the times of crisis that the global communities are facing. Thus, key financial decisions normally confront the nation leaders in issues and problems that concerns financial investments they usually provide answer to the problems in economy. But despite of this, China remains to be a fortunate, strong economy with a per capita GDP almost similar with the four dominant West European economies (Conway, 2005). Given the importance on low inflation, reforms, a housing market boom, and excellent bonds with other countries like Australia have been essential variables over the course of the economies years of expansion (Conway, 2005). With regards to the current standing of global market and global finance, the current global recession is one of the problems experienced not only in the United States and the United Kingdom but also by the global economy and of course China since their business operation was affected. Today, businesses around the globe work in a more obscured, and more synchronized situation. The monetary policies and practices of China was also affected including their relationship to IMF. The premeditated undertaking, then, is to construct a distinguishing way ahead, using whatsoever core competencies and assets at its discarding, against the environment and control of the situation. Through these distinguishing potentials the organisation look for sustainable competitive plus. With regards to economy of China, financial evaluation and implementation of new strategies can be a demanding exercise. With this, it is difficult to foresee what the future holds (e.g. the actual future outcome may be entirely unexpected), i.e. to foresee what the scenarios are, and to assign probabilities to them; and this is true of the general forecasts never mind the implied financial market returns. However, this is an important procedure because it enables China to make decisions that will be advantageous and beneficial (Lecavalier Santor, 2007). In addition, organisations that are open to change and willing to counter the current financial crisis are generally more successful compare to those who resist it. On the other hand, leadership in accordance to power focuses on the techniques and expertise of efficient organisation, planning, direction, financial planning, credit assessment and control of the operations of a business is really vital. 1.2 Aim and objectives The aim is to analyse the policies and measures of IMF which impact on China financial stability. With respect to the aim of the study, this paper also seeks to attain the following objectives: To research the policies of IMF to China, besides that, those to developing countries should be necessary; To research how China financial services sectors do, especially banking; To analyse how much influence IMF has to these financial services sectors; To analyse the data which IMF and China banking published 1.3 Data and methods The research method depicted in this research is based on both quantitative and qualitative method. The qualitative method permits an iterative and flexible ways, while the quantitative research method lets dependent and independent variables requirement and also allows for longitudinal gauges of ensuing feat of the research subject. Throughout information assembling the preference and plan of methods are continuously tailored, based on current analysis. This allows examination of significant latest issues and questions as they arise, and let the researchers to slump fruitless parts of study from the original research map. Actually, the methods used in this study offer many advantages due to the nature of this study. First of all, for many research questions and objectives, the benefits lie in the enormous saving in resources especially time and money (Saunders et al. 2003, p.200). Actually, this research considers secondary researches due to budget constraint and time limitation. Actually, secondary data provides incomparable benefit that primary data cannot offer. These have generated useful references and have provided a good starting point for formulate and generate ideas. For instance, data includes textbooks related China monetary practices, IMF, financial industry, and government white paper and financial websites. Those data has already been collected and provides an unobtrusive measure. All the sources are quite reliable. Secondly, secondary data may be the only viable choice for many aspects of this research due to the nature in itself. Many psychology data and aggregate data are not likely t o be collected by the author; rather, secondary data from previous researches make this research with easy access. For example, many high quality national newspapers and journal articles being published are permanent and available in a form that may be checked relatively easily. 1.4 Dissertation structure As for the dissertation structure, this paper was broken down into 3 key stages; research problem identification, collection and analysis of information, and Synthesis of information and generation of recommendations. Stage 1: Research Problem Identification In this stage, the researcher considers the exact focus of the problem to be researched. Actually, this engages examination of existing research, practices and theory from genuine literature. This procedure helps the researcher put together empirical findings and theoretical perspectives with the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s understanding about problem in the study. This will also help the researcher distinguish the problem feature and learn more about. Stage 2: Collection and Analysis of Data In the second stage, the researcher collected and analyse the data gathered for the purposes of recognizing significant contextual/cultural variables detailed to their setting predominantly in monetary setting. In addition, the evaluation of monetary practices in China and analysis of the policies imposed by IMF are done in this stage. These information enable this research and the researcher to achieve a specific understanding of the problem. Stage 3: Synthesis of Data and Generation of Recommendations In this third stage, the researcher synthesised findings from the previous stages and pertinent previous study. The main centre of this stage is to review these data to amend current hypotheses and account for different factors, in addition to generating recommendations based on new understandings and results. During this stage, culture-specific and research-based recommendations for action are produced. For this study, the researcher focused on the monetary practices of China and IMF policies imposed to borrowing countries. Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction As a response for the global financial crises, the national and international institutions are pushed to create a sound strategy wherein all their knowledge be incorporated thus monitoring and predicting the flow of the financial elements. With the use of wide array of instruments, the assessment on the financial system is found to be based on the analytical practice. The financial stability is difficult to pulse whenever there is an existing financial crisis, and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s getting worse when the crises created a direct impact in the country. 2.2 Related Study of International Monetary Fund According to the history of the international monetary system, 1990s is the most considered time where there is an existence of the hyperinflations and been passed through the different picture of crises in Mexico and Asia. Even the Russia experienced the international financial infection. In each effected episodes of the countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial aspect, the impact participated in the savings and investment, employment, and the purchasing power. Many economists pulled their profession in building the specific solution against the crises and their effects as well. This is the birth of the International Monetary Policy or IMF as the first approach in the crises that plagued the international economy (Conway, 2005). Still, some analysts argued that the approach in the IMF is archaic decision most especially in an era of an international mobility. The present crises shows the different faces of doubts, and it would make the private financial markets suffer from the imperfect information and problems of collective action (Henning, 2009). The assessment of the various financial analysts, business interpreters, and economists, they believe that the effectiveness of the IMF in the new century is on the reform f the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions, role and governance structure. The idea is around the consideration of six elements namely, (1) quota, voice, and representation, (2) internal governance, (3) surveillance, (4) lending instruments, (5) finances, and (6) the role of the IMF in the low-income countries (Lecavalier Santor, 2007). 2.3 The Function of IMF and the Role IMF Plays The IMF was identified as the provider of the valuable forecasts, served as the advisor of appropriate policy, and acted as the coordinated management through the financing packages whenever there is an implication of crises and assists the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s adjustment and economic strategies. Through these various characteristics, it is common for the approach to be under the criticisms and be a candidate to tests its ability for a rapid response to the financial crises (Conway, 2005). The appropriate response and the rapid action is the most inevitable requirement in every country to pass through the financial tempest. Obviously, emerging markets face sudden freeze in their capital inflows even if their governments have been pursuing appropriate policies. Based on the basic purpose of the IMF in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world economy, the IMF enables the members to maintain and extend the international economic openness and other strategic adjustments. The role of the IMF extends well beyond providing official finance such as monitoring the international monetary system, fostering the negotiations among the members over the macroeconomic policy in coordination and payments adjustment and pursuing the economic policies. The roles that IMF plays are important, most especially in reducing the impact of the financial crises. But the ability to mobilize the financial resources is the central of the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions (Henning, 2009). 2.4 IMF Financial Soundness Indicators: Core and Encouraged The need for better data and tools to monitor the various financial risks and vulnerabilities in the national systems is pursued and gave to the new area of work called Financial Soundness Indicators or FSI. The IMF has been collecting the various monetary statistics from the participating countries. All of the information gathered admittedly not being focused on the compilation of the soundness and risk information. Translating the needed data based on the information needs careful investigation and be under the assessment to provide the aggregate soundness and risk. In the beginning, the experts and officials of countries collaborated in organizing the call for a process. All the participants agreed that there is indeed, a need for sound information and a number of important indicators and that should be compiled. From the conducted survey of the IMF during the middle of 2000, there was a strong response from over 100 participating countries that allows the IMF to set a core standa rd regarding the financial soundness indicators. In addition, there is an alignment for the countries on what kind or type of information that the country should compile which can be also depends on the national circumstances. After the several rounds of extensive consultations along with the experts, finally, the IMF completed the guide for the indicators they needed. The Compilation Guide: Financial Soundness Indicators or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the Guideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? was published by the IMF that details the concepts and definition, and sources and techniques to serve as the guidance of the participating countries. The Guide was produced to help the countries in compiling and disseminating the information wherein it allows the country to establish the method of comparing the indictors that could provide the valuable information. In the end of the process, the country can have the current soundness of the aggregate financial system (San Jose, Krueger, Khay, 2008). The use of Guide is considered as highly innovative method through the combination of the elements of macroeconomic frameworks, including the monetary statistics, bank supervisory framework, and international financing accounting standards. The use of the provided definitions measures the soundness or risk such as the capital adequacy, exposure to market risk, market fair value in accounting, balance sheet positions of the banks, and many others. The financial reliability gauges/indicators offered two sets known as the core and encouraged sets: The core of the financial soundness indicators is related to the five basic areas relevant to the point of view of banking business shortened in the method called CAMELS as part of the institutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ assessment of capital adequacy, asset quality, management soundness, earnings, liquidity, and the sensitivity to market risk. The main goal of the FSI is again, for the international comparability that guarantees the all countries that they will use the same applied method. However, the international comparability is limited to some differences at national level, most especially in accounting standards and the data needed in calculating the FSI (GerÃ…Â ¡l HeÃ…â„ ¢mÃÆ' ¡ne, 2006). 2.5 The Conclusion The most important part of assessing the stability of the financial system is the use of the appropriate number of quantitative indicators and the combination of the approaches. The involvement of the financial soundness indicators is one of the best developments in the International Monetary Fund. The compilation of the financial stability indicators and its related information facilitates the assessment through the single method wherein the countries can possibly compare their data among the others.

Different Types of Mutual Funds and Their Investment Objectives :: Business Finance Investment

Different Types of Mutual Funds and Their Investment Objectives Mutual funds are an investment vehicle which pools the money of many investors. The fund's manager uses the money collected to purchase securities such as stocks and bonds. The types of mutual funds vary according to the fund's investment objective. A fund's investment objective will usually seek capital gains, income, or a combination of both. The basic types of funds are described below. The first types of mutual fund I will discuss are â€Å"Money Market Funds.† Money market funds seek safety of the principal by investing in high quality, short-term securities. This type of fund is designed so that the investor's principal should not decrease in value. However, there is no guarantee that this will always be the case. A money market fund seeks to provide a regular distribution of income which is determined by short-term interest rates. The second types of mutual funds are â€Å"Bond Funds.† Bond funds carry more risk than money market funds and are often used to produce income (retirement) or to help stabilize a portfolio (diversification). The primary types of bond funds are: municipal bond funds (issued by state and local governments), corporate bond funds (debt obligations of U.S. corporations), mortgage-backed securities funds (securities representing residential mortgages), and U.S. Government bond funds (U.S. treasury or government securities).

Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Essay

The United States Criminal Justice System is a fundmental part to society that focuses on protecting citizens in the United States Constiution as well as ensuring each individual is law adbiding law and not commiting serious acts of crimes. Each law was put in state and federal statues to ensure it continues and as time has changed some of the laws have not changed. In present day, the criminal justice system faces comptemporary issues as well as trends that not only affect today but in the future and how important each member of society hold a significant value to the criminal justice system. For many decades the criminal justice system has endured many issues and problems that are currently questioning exactly how fair United States Criminal Justice system is to citizens and criminals that participate in both misdeameanor and violent offenses. The Corrections Department is one specific department that faces many controversies involving the validilty of one’s constitutional right of the Eighth Amendment. The Founding Fathers created one of the famous amendments that prohibits the law from enforcing cruel and unusual punishment in capital punishment. At one time, capital punishment consisted of electrocution, firing squad, and the gas chamber. Unfortunately, many individuals believe that this form of punishments were cruel and unusual and many states eliminated these methods in their executions. In present day, lethal injection is the new method used in state executions that have not banned the death penalty as a form of punishment. The death penalty is used in only 32 states as of 2014 however the re-creation of lethal drug cocktail makes the world ponder if the lethal injection method is a form of cruel and unusual punishment. The issue of the new combination of lethal injections drugs have many opposers speculating should the death row inmate have the legal right to know exactly what is behind the newly developed death penalty drugs as well as if it against the Eighth Amendment. Two death row inmates in the State of Oklahoma pleaded with the higher courts to disclose any information pertaining to the ingredients of the drugs however the Oklahoma Supreme Court specifically stated, â€Å"This court holds that the secrecy provision †¦ does not violate the inmates’ constitutional right of access to the courts. The Oklahoma Supreme Court said the only remaining issue, then, is whether the state’s failure to disclose its source for the drugs prevents the prisoners from challenging their executions using the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on  cruel and unusual punishment. The court decided it did not†(CNN,2014). Following the ruling, the stay of executions of Charles Warner and Clayton Lockett were uplifted and were scheduled to a double execution on April 29, 2014 that would forever change the proper protocols of execution guidelines and the Cruel and Unusual Punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment. Clayton Lockett received the first injection around 6:23 pm and ten minutes following his injection he was unconscious. After the doctor noticed he was unconscious he administered the last two drugs that would execute Clayton Lockett. Between 6:44 and 6:56 pm the doctor that was administering the medical procedures of the execution addressed that the inmates vein had collapased that led for the drugs to either absorb in his tissue or leaked out(The Guardian ,2014). Immediately the inmate passed away of a massive heart attack. Following the execution, the other inmate that was supposed to be execute right after Lockett did not face the punishment and currently he is on a 180 day stay until the state government can conduct a full investigation into the botched execution. Supporters of the death penalty believe the execution was conducted appropriately however opposers believe he faced a slow painful death. The question remains will the death penalty in the State of Oklahoma be abolished or test the drugs before they are administered on death row inmates. As much as someone may commited such a heinous crime such as Lockett and Warner these offenders are given rights off all the amendments of the United States Constitution and it is their right to address violations to higher courts so they can determine if it did occur. The death penalty has many advantages and disadvantages and the criminal justice system is constantly fighting the battle to keep it alive and well. Prison overcrowding is another contemporary issue that is currently affecting the criminal justice throughout the United States. Society is aware of the consequences involving committing a crime, however for offenses that are considered non-violent and the offender who has not been in trouble with the law in the past faces severe punishment such as a violent offender. Drug offenses is one crime that caused correctional facilities population to skyrocket and instead of finding the best alternative for punishment prisons face an unkinown number of crimes within the facilities. In the State of Oklahoma, approximately 26, 539 offenders are incarcerated in priosn whereas probation has a population of  21,085(American Legislative Exchange Council,2014). Statewide Harm Reduction Coalition(n.d.) states,† Prior to the current prohibition era the U.S. Prison population was a quarter of what it is today. But 30 years ago the â€Å"War on Drugs† was launched. Before that the prison population had been level for over 5 decades. 70 to 75% of people in prison are drug war prisoners. Drug use, arrest and incarceration rates along with data on sentence length show that people of color unfairly bear the brunt of the drug war†(para.4). The war on drugs is the primary reason for the increasingly amount of prisoners in facilities throughout the United States and if state legislation ever comes to the decision to stop the battle more likely overcrowding will not be a substanstive issue. Additional reasons why the American Corrections system is overcrowded are mandatory minimum sentencing, denial of parole, unaffordable bail, poverty, and Post Incarceration Syndrome. The final contemporary issue that is facing the criminal justice today is the increasing amount of complaints involving police officers that are involving in police bruatility and excessive use of force. As society has learned in the past of cases of Rodney King, it happened then and it is still happening. However, just because one cop does it does not mean all of them do it. The most current case involving police brutality and excessive use of force involves the Albuquerque Police Department. Recently, certain police officers went against their oath and maliciously killed members of society. The circumstances are unknown and the Justice Department has conducted a through investigation stating that the police department â€Å"the officers kicked, punched and violently restrained nonthreatening people, and seldom were the officers reprimanded. Many of the victims suffered from mental illnesses, and some were disabled, elderly or drunk, the 16-month investigation concluded. The changes called for by the Justice Department — 44 remedies in all — included extensive revisions to the department’s use-of-force policies. The term â€Å"force† would be more clearly defined, and officers would have to report to superiors when they used various tactics: chokeholds, kicks, leg sweeps and tackles. Under the recommendations, officers would be trained to rely more on verbal warnings and less on stun guns, and new recruits would be required to undergo psychological, medical  and polygraph examinations to assess their fitness for the job†(New York Times,2014). As much as the recommendations should be followed, more cases of police brutatlity and excessive force in Albuqueruqe happen however it seems officers refuse to listen to the recommendations and choose what is best for them. Some may feel threatened when they encounter someone but there are other methods instead of physically harming someone or murdering the subject. One of the most recent trends that is currently affecting the criminal justices that will more likely affect it in the future is the increasing amount of crimes involving youths. In the past, youths were not subjected to violence and since the internet evolved and other environmental factors so much is at stake. One particular area where society is seeing violence are in areas that at one time that they thought was safe such as schools and movies. The Aurora Thetre Shooting and various school shootings continue to happen and for innocent individuals fear is in their minds on a daily basis. The reasons the youth commits serious acts like these vary however most cases involved the lack of mental healthcare and as well as bullying. The perpertrators feel that the victims hurt them in some manner that led them to harm an entire school. In addition, technology is a severe problem for the criminal justice system today and will continue as long as the internet is available. Identity Theft is the newest trend in computer crimes and all it takes is a click of a button and the criminal soughting out the information can have access to someone’s life in a matter of seconds(Muraskin & Roberts,2009). Prevention is the only recommendation in both youth violence and cybercrimes that will eventually decrease the current trends occurring in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system hold a significant value in today’s changing society by ensuring each citizen of the United States is lawfully protected by their consititutional rights as well as ensuring that local, state, and federal governments following proper protocol, procedures, and polices on keeping society away from harm that he or she could possibly face. The only problem that society has with the criminal justice system is the lack of mistrust invididuals have based on past incidents and discrepanices that makes person’s make the assumption that all professionals do not care of their well being or are not going above and beyond to protect them. Current trends and comtemproary issues within the criminal justice system will  remain in society for many years to come. Capital punishment, prison overcrowding, and police brutality affect the justice system in a variety of ways but to society each problem can be fixed by following proper procedures. As for trends, technology and youth violence is uncertain but the best method is to find resources and methods to eliminate trends in the cirminla justice system in the future. As much as society places the criminal justice system as good or bad it is something needed to protect everyone from constitutional violations as well as from heinous acts of crime. Reference American Legislative Exchange Council . (2014). Prison Overcrowding: Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://www.alec.org/initiatives/prison-overcrowding/prison-overcrowding-oklahoma/ CNN. (2014). Oklahoma executions back on, as court rules to keep lethal-drug sources secret. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/24/justice/oklahoma-court-execution-drugs/ Muraskin, R., & Roberts, A. R. (2009). Visions For Change: Crime and Justice in the 21st Century (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. New York Times. (2014). Justice Dept. Accuses Albuquerque Police of Excessive Force. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/11/us/albuquerque-police-report-justice-department.html?_r=1 Statewide Harm Reduction Coalition (SHaRC). (n.d.). What Causes Overcrowding in Jails and Prisons?. Retrieved from http://www.massdecarcerate.org/download/overcrowding.pdf The Guardian. (2014). Oklahoma execution of Clayton Lockett – timeline of the botched procedure. Retrieved from http://www.the guardian.com/world/interactive/2014/may/01/oklahoma-execution-clayton-lockett-timeline-document

Formal Analysis of Statue of Eros Sleeping

The statue of Eros sleeping is one of the key attractions in the metropolitan museum collections for the lovers of ancient Greek history. A glimpse at the magnificent work of art takes one away, far back in time to the Hellenistic age. Clearly it is one of the most remarkable works in the Metropolitan Museums total collection.The statues sculptor is not known but the time of its making has been correctly identified. Moreover historical studies have revealed much surrounding the statue of Eros as a sleeping baby. The Bronze Statue of Eros Sleeping dates back from the 3rd century B.C. to the early 1st century A.D.Recovered from the Rhode Island, the statue is one of the few surviving bronze art pieces from the Greek period to have endured the test of the centuries in an almost flawless state. [1]The statue, which measured 85.2 cm in length, is displayed in the Greek wing of the museum. Undoubtedly, the Bronze Statue of Eros Sleeping is noteworthy not only for physical aspects but also for its iconographic significance in art history, particularly in understanding Greek culture of which the statue was once a part of.The ability of the statue to last for so long shows its sculptors determination to make a lasting piece that he no doubt meant to preserve the cherished culture of the time.The Greek bronze sculptures that were made at the time were complexes of geometric forms that resulted in the making of peculiar sculptures that distinguished the Greek culture. The sculptures of the Greek were different from the sculptures of the other contemporary cultures such as the Romans culture.According to carol C. Mattusch, who is a leading authority in the study of the Greek ancient bronze sculptures, the bronze sculptures that were made at the Hellenistic period were made with a certain design that the artists intended to carry a specific message.In the case of the gods sculptures the link with the people was the power the gods were believed to have over the people. In th e case of the statue of Eros sleeping there was no particular buyer but it was meant for the people of the Greek region as a whole.[2]In its location in the Metropolitan Museum, the Bronze Statue of Eros Sleeping commands the viewer’s attention by being a freestanding figure that makes it stand out in the empty exhibition space. It is best seen from the frontal angle, where the viewer has a full view of the entire statue. The statues composition also demands that it be seen from a small distance in order to get a full sense of the effect of the statue against its surroundings.Taken on its own, the Bronze Statue of Eros Sleeping presents an exemplary case study of the rendering of human forms in Greek Art. Here, the artist displays a keen knowledge of the material, and is able to take advantage of bronze as medium in making the statue as life-like as possible as it gives the statue a sense of fluidity and movement.On the other hand, bronze also enables the statue to gain a sen se of mass and weight, which is appropriate to the figure of Eros in deep slumber. Likewise, the bronze medium allowed the artist to manipulate the natural qualities of the medium to create the human form.The medium of bronze is a powerful agent for the recognition of the immediate environment in which the Greek people in the Hellenistic period lived. It helps make a symbol potent of both religious and secular values. As one of the few bronze statutes that have survived from the antiquity it is an enduring icon of the naturalistic detail of the age. The result of the presence of such a statue is history in the firsthand.The statue is deemed to have had a base that was carved out of stone in place of the support it lies on in the museum. The base, just like the statue, would probably be a rendition of comfortable material in work of art just as befits the sleeping baby deity. As a god of love he was deemed to have such qualities as bodily comeliness and to be the bearer of graceful d eeds.The child image would not be a symbol of the god of love without the addition of wings to the statue. The statue of an innocent child in slumber with curled hairs and other details of a well fed child would be too plain for a god. Greek gods were believed to be spirits that had wings that were useful for them to fly from one destination to another.Clearly, the artist was able to engender movement by using forms that complement the use of open lines. Hence, one of the most notable aspects of the statue is the use of organic forms that mimic the natural curves of the human body to depict the cherubic appeal of a healthy child.There is also evidence that the artist considered the influence of light on the statues composition. For instance, Eros face is only partially exposed to the light, which gives him an air of mystery as half of his face is hidden in the dark. The retention of the mediums color also gives it the contrasts in hue created by the natural play of light on the stat ue.[1] Hemingway, Sean. 2007. Hellenistic bronze sculptures at the Metropolitan Museum: from gods to grotesques. Apollo. P. 27[2] Mattusch, carol. Classical Bronzes: The Art and Craft of Greek and Roman Statuary, Cornell University Press, 1996, p. 164 Â  

Supercharge your resume in 30 minutes or less

Supercharge your resume in 30 minutes or less Okay, so you already know you should spend lots of quality time honing your resume, lovingly crafting the masterpiece that will get you your next job. Resumes benefit from time and editing. But reality doesn’t always give us the time we’d like, and sometimes you need to produce a great resume on short notice. Maybe it’s been a while since you updated and an awesome new job opening has popped up, or maybe someone in your network has mentioned that hey, there’s this new job that would be perfect for you- can you submit you resume today? Whatever the time crunch is, it means you have to produce something solid without much notice. So what do you do when you want to spruce up your resume but you don’t have much time at all? Don’t panic†¦it’s doable! Let’s walk through some of the best things you can do to supercharge your resume in no time flat.Choose a format- and stick to it.If you had more time, you could play with different formats and see what works best for your skills and experience. No time for that today, so choose your path quickly.If you have a lot of work experience in your field: Go with the traditional reverse-chronological format, where you put your work experience section prominently up front and work backwards through your jobs.Here’s an example of how your resume can look if you want your experience to be the most prominent feature:Jenny Smith21 Jump StreetEvanston, IL 12121JSmith45@emaildomain.comExperienced Store ManagerQUALIFICATIONS SUMMARYStore manager with more than 10 years experience.Creative, innovative team leader with proven results.Exceeded sales goals by more than 15%, three years in a row.WORK EXPERIENCEBig Box Store ‘R Us, 2013 – presentStore ManagerManage a busy Chicago branch of a national department store chain.Lead a team of 60+ employees.Improved in-store sales by 10% in 2017, 9% in 2016, and 8.5% in 2015.In this example, Jenny goes straight for t he emphasis on her work history, and her results.If you are inexperienced, or just starting out in the field: Go with a skills-based format, where you lead right into a skills summary that relates directly to the job you’re applying for.Here’s an example of how your resume can look if you want your experience to be the most prominent feature:Kai Burns1 Main StreetLos Angeles, CA 12312KaiBurns@emaildomain.comDisciplined, enthusiastic recent grad seeking a marketing role at X Corp.SKILLS SUMMARYSocial media expertise (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook)Demonstrated leadership on team projectsStrong written and verbal communication skillsIn this example, Kai leads with her skills, because she’s a recent grad and doesn’t yet have a ton of work experience or concrete professional results she can call out.Don’t reinvent the wheel.You’ve only got 30 minutes, so unless you’re really attached to the idea of creating a resume from scratch at breaknec k speed, work with something that already exists. That may be your current resume, but if it’s really outdated or not great then there are lots of pre-existing templates where you can drop in your information and go from there. Using a resume library template can be a major time-saver, especially when you’ve only got a few minutes.Focus on the short, sweet elements.You don’t have a lot of time to pore over your experience bullets, but you can spend your time making sure that some of the shorter, punchier parts of the resume are in good shape. For example, make sure you have an effective, attention-grabbing headline. Your headline helps you set the narrative yourself. And this is where having less time can work in your favor: you want to focus on the most important, relevant parts of yourself as an applicant for this particular job, without overthinking it too much.Similarly, a good summary can help you really focus on your most important strengths as a candidate and what you want to say in your resume.Use bold action words.You want your supercharged resume to be potent, not wordy, so it’s all about the word choice. Instead of using long bullet points to develop a point, use a targeted action verb to get the point across faster. It’s not only more effective, but also cuts down on your writing and editing time. Some examples of strong action verbs that look good on your resume:ChairedCoordinatedExecutedHeadedImplementedMaximizedOperatedOrchestratedOrganizedOutperformedOverhauledOversawPlannedProducedRedesignedStreamlinedSaying more by taking up less space is something you can do pretty quickly that has a big impact on the quality of your resume. You’re using your limited time to make sure that parts of your resume pop instead of using the same old verbs that pass unnoticed as a reader skims your resume.For more on how to punch up your verbs:5 Action Verbs That Will Energize Your ResumeHow to Create a Resume Packed with A ction WordsPowerful Action Verbs That Will Make Your Resume Look Like a Million BucksDon’t skimp on editing.The final proofread can be the first thing to go when you’re in a rush. It’s done, it needs to be out the door†¦it’s probably fine, right? Not so fast. If you’re only taking half an hour with your resume, make sure you slot five minutes at the end to do a careful read of the final doc before you hit send. Ideally, you’d have someone else look at it to make sure everything reads well and there are no glaring errors, but if you truly don’t have enough time to do that, use your own critical eye. You may only have half an hour to work on your resume, but you don’t want your resume to look like it.Make it look nice.Again, since you don’t have time for the deep resume dive, focus on as many of the aesthetics as you can. Is your layout clean and easy to read? Are there blocks of uninterrupted text that could be broke n into reader-friendly chunks? Is your resume free of odd formatting that might not work on a computer or device screen? A quick pass to make sure your resume looks appealing should be one of the last things you do before you send.Whether you’ve got 30 minutes or 300, you want to put out the best resume possible. After all, it can be your first step to a new job, and you want to make sure you’re presenting yourself in the best possible way. If you’re crunched for time, it’s important to accept that you don’t have time to finesse every detail- but you do have time to pick the most important points and shine them up so the reader never knows you had such a tight timeline.

Free Essays on Advance Bank In Germany

Contents Page CONTENTS PAGE1 ABSTRACT2 CHALLENGES3 THE CHALLENGES THAT HAVE CONFRONTED ADVANCE BANK IN TERMS OF IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION STRATEGY3 THE CHALLENGES THAT ARE CONFRONTING ADVANCE BANK IN TERMS OF IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION STRATEGY5 SUGGESTIONS FOR INFORMATION STRATEGY EVOLUTION7 JUSTIFICATION (INCLUDING USE OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES)10 CONCLUSION17 APPENDICES18 APPENDIX 1 BRIEF HISTORY OF ADVANCE BANK18 APPENDIX 2 PEST ANALYSIS19 APPENDIX 3 PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS21 APPENDIX 4 STRATEGIC GRID ANALYSIS22 APPENDIX 5 RESOURCE AUDIT23 APPENDIX 6 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS24 APPENDIX 7 RESOURCE COMPETENCY ANALYSIS27 APPENDIX 8 SWOT ANALYSIS29 APPENDIX 10 STRATEGIC IS MANAGEMENT PROFILE33 APPENDIX 11 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR34 APPENDIX 12 NOLANS MODEL35 APPENDIX 13 REVISED STAGES OF GROWTH MODEL36 REFERENCES37 BIBLIOGRAPHY38 Abstract Universal banks in Germany, in contrast to other financial systems such as in the USA are able to provide their customers, commercial as well as Investment banking services. Several German banks have merged together so that they can be capable of taking advantage of economies of scale and synergies. This report will aim to show the challenges faced by Advance bank, a branch-less bank, based in Germany using a range of tools and techniques to analyse how the strategy should evolve to achieve sustained success. Suggestions for information strategy evolution will also be made. Challenges The challenges that have confronted Advance Bank in terms of implementing information strategy Many organisations consider the implementation of IT to strengthen their position in the competitive market and see IT as central to success, however several of them fail to realise that technology does not equal to success. MFI, Lyons, SAP and Sainsbury are a few examples of recent disasters. Companies get so involved in the new technology that they forget to ... Free Essays on Advance Bank In Germany Free Essays on Advance Bank In Germany Contents Page CONTENTS PAGE 1 ABSTRACT 2 CHALLENGES 3 THE CHALLENGES THAT HAVE CONFRONTED ADVANCE BANK IN TERMS OF IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION STRATEGY 3 THE CHALLENGES THAT ARE CONFRONTING ADVANCE BANK IN TERMS OF IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION STRATEGY 5 SUGGESTIONS FOR INFORMATION STRATEGY EVOLUTION 7 JUSTIFICATION (INCLUDING USE OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES) 10 CONCLUSION 17 APPENDICES 18 APPENDIX 1 BRIEF HISTORY OF ADVANCE BANK 18 APPENDIX 2 PEST ANALYSIS 19 APPENDIX 3 PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 21 APPENDIX 4 STRATEGIC GRID ANALYSIS 22 APPENDIX 5 RESOURCE AUDIT 23 APPENDIX 6 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 24 APPENDIX 7 RESOURCE COMPETENCY ANALYSIS 27 APPENDIX 8 SWOT ANALYSIS 29 APPENDIX 10 STRATEGIC IS MANAGEMENT PROFILE 33 APPENDIX 11 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR 34 APPENDIX 12 NOLANS MODEL 35 APPENDIX 13 REVISED STAGES OF GROWTH MODEL 36 REFERENCES 37 BIBLIOGRAPHY 38 Abstract Universal banks in Germany, in contrast to other financial systems such as in the USA are able to provide their customers, commercial as well as Investment banking services. Several German banks have merged together so that they can be capable of taking advantage of economies of scale and synergies. This report will aim to show the challenges faced by Advance bank, a branch-less bank, based in Germany using a range of tools and techniques to analyse how the strategy should evolve to achieve sustained success. Suggestions for information strategy evolution will also be made. Challenges The challenges that have confronted Advance Bank in terms of implementing information strategy Many organisations consider the implementation of IT to strengthen their position in the competitive market and see IT as central to success, however several of them fail to realise that technology does not equal to success. MFI, Lyons, SAP and Sainsbury are a few examples of recent disasters. Companies get so involved in the new technology that they forget to ...

Analysis of Ethical Issues in the Film The Rain Man

?The central ethical dilemma of the 1988 film The Rain Man concerns the proper treatment to be afforded to Raymond, an autistic man who is capable of performing immense feats of mathematical calculation but is psychologically attached to predetermined habits and routines, thus being unable to adapt to changing situations around him. Should Raymond be given a chance to live in an open setting, where he can freely interact with the world around him, or should he be confined to an institution?Raymonds brother, Charlie, discovers Raymonds existence only after the death of their father, who had willed the vast majority of his inheritance to Raymond. Charlie is at first immensely spiteful at his fathers decision and removes Raymond from the mental institution, attempting to blackmail the doctor in charge to transfer $1. 5 million to Charlie. Charlie is easily frustrated by Raymonds habits and oddities, as well as his need to always receive precisely the treatment to which he had become accustomed.However, Charlie later discovers Raymonds intelligent side during a trip to Las Vegas, where Raymond employs his astoundingly swift processing skills to win $86,000 while gambling. The two brothers subsequently forge an emotional bond, and Charlie is reluctant to return Raymond to the institution. He demonstrates the wish to take care of his brother and points out that Raymond has learned numerous new skills and information during the trip. However, the doctors in charge of Raymond show Charlie that Raymonds autonomy is greatly impaired; they ask Raymond a series of mutually exclusive questions, to which Raymond merely answers, Yes. Suzanne, Charlies girlfriend, thinks that Charlies initial treatment of Raymond is too harsh and intolerant. She would like to see Raymond afforded a more flexible and less dominating treatment by Charlie, and is upset that Charlie is using Raymond in order to blackmail the doctor into giving Charlie money. Eventually, however, she becomes pleased by Charlies increasing proximity to and genuine care for his brother. . Charlies initial kidnapping of Raymond was based on Charlies perception that Raymond was an easily manipulated disabled person who would comply with Charlies scheme to extort money from the doctor.Nevertheless, Raymond proves to have a personality of his own, which at first greatly irritates Charlie, but which Charlie eventually comes to love and refuses to relinquish. The doctor remains firm in his stance not to give the money of Charlies father in exchange for Raymond, and Charlie rejects a $250,000 offer in exchange for which he was to have severed all involvement with Raymond. After the doctors demonstrate Raymonds incapacity to make significant decisions, Charlie relucta ntly agrees to allow him to return to the mental institution. Despite the fact that Charlie and Raymond must separate at the end, Charlie promises to visit frequently, and his influence on Raymond has not been in vain. Raymond and Charlie now share jokes, and Raymonds range of comfort with respect to the products, services, and activities of daily life has been greatly amplified. Raymond, moreover, had assisted in rendering Charlies financial state more secure than it had been in the beginning of the film by winning $86,000 in Las Vegas.Charlie also learns to be more patient and tolerant in his relations with other human beings. He learns to discover the merits and values offered by others rather than merely lashing out at them in frustration. The decision to return Raymond to the mental institution demonstrated first and foremost the principle of nonmaleficence. The doctors wished to ascertain that Raymond would not pose a danger to his own life by certain irrational and perhaps involuntary reactions, such as banging his head against a window as a result of hearing a smoke alarm. However, this action denied some of Charlies attempts at beneficence toward Raymond, as Charlie attempted to provide Raymond shelter, entertainment, and opportunity beyond what Raymond was used to or what was offered at the hospital. Though some of Charlies influence remained with Raymond, the doctors decision prevented additional improvements to Raymonds state due to the concern that attempts at these would undermine Raymonds already delicate condition.The principle of autonomy was also denied, as Raymond was deemed incapable of making his own choices; the doctors demonstrated that he would give contradictory answers to the questions asked of him, and thus argued that their paternalistic supervision over his decision-making would benefit him most. An alternative decision with respect to Raymonds fate would have been to allow Raymond to remain with Charlie, but under the supervision of various doctors and psychological counselors.In this way, the doctors could have continued to exerc ise precautionary measures against Raymonds self-destructive activities, while Charlie could have continued to broaden Raymonds comfort zone and eventually render him fit for rudimentary social interaction. This would both benefit Raymond and protect him from harm, fulfilling the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Moreover, Raymond would, with an expanded worldview, gain greater autonomy in making his own decisions. A freer environment (where constraints are flexible rather than rigid) would enable Raymond to have the greatest possible degree of personal autonomy that he is capable of carrying out. Moreover, the principle of justice requires that Raymond be given the same right to the pursuit of happiness as is afforded to non-autistic persons. This means that absolute paternalism over Raymond should be off-limits to his guardians, who need not regulate every detail of Raymonds life in order to ensure his security. This decision would be more consistent with the ethics of principlism than the one actually carried out in the film.

Raising Capital Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Raising Capital - Assignment Example Underfunding is the major challenge facing new and existing business. Most entrepreneurs borrow enough money for setting up a business, but they lack extra cash to help in operations during the startup phase, when cash outflow is higher than the cash inflow (The Entrepreneurial Dialogues, 2015). The fit between the capital providers and the business seeking for capital is usually problematic. In most cases, there exist large disparity between the financial and the economic status of the business seeking capital and the requirements of financial options available to different funding groups. Some entrepreneurs submit applications that are not consistent with the funder’s mandate. Often, entrepreneurs who operate in highly saturated markets that make the differentiation hard approach funding agencies. The agencies find business in high-saturated areas unattractive since it makes it hard for entrepreneurs to come up with unique business opportunities The issue here is the length of time it takes to access the funding. Most entrepreneurs lack awareness about the procedure and courses of action involved in getting equity funding. The process in some institutions tends to be bureaucratic and heavily laden with red tape and protocols as funders endeavor to get confidence and assurance when granting the funds to entrepreneurs. The Entrepreneurial Dialogues (2015). State of Entrepreneurship in South Africa. Web. February 10, 2015. Retrieved from

International Acoounting theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Acoounting theory - Essay Example The process of cutting down disparities among national accounting regulations, also referred to as the process of harmonization, has undoubtedly made steps forward since profound work began on it as freshly as 1967. Taking into account the dissimilarities that are present between the accounting goals of nations at various levels of progress and with various legal structures, possibly the astonishing thing is that any development at all has been accomplished in such short notice (McCarthy 2003). There are several theoretical assumptions of categorizing countries when taking into account their accounting requirements. One apparent difference is between the democracies and the authoritarian administrations that govern a great portion of the world. This difference does not match up efficiently to a partition between free enterprise and centrally regulated economies, because there are democracies such in the case of India with a considerable section of the economy in the control of state-owned and state-regulated enterprises, and there are those countries which are communist such as Hungary and Yugoslavia that leave capacity for a number of free enterprise (Solomons 1986). The relevance of this difference for financial accounting depends in the contribution of private investors as well as the capital market. They will commonly be much more relevant in free enterprise economies, and financial accounting will function in the same way more important role in the allocation and dist ribution of scarce resources (ibid, 53). Another evident difference is between the industrialized nations of North America, Europe, Australia and Japan and developing nations of Asia and Africa. Once again, the distinction is one of scale rather than of type. Every country is developing or retrogressing, and accounting has its task to fulfil in that growth in all of them. Majority

My Visit to the Vietnam Memorial Wall & Monument in Washington, DC Essay

My Visit to the Vietnam Memorial Wall & Monument in Washington, DC - Essay Example Many lives were wasted; many hearts broke because of this war, even if it meant â€Å"protecting the liberty† of a country. Because of this significance, the Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial Wall in Washington, D.C. was erected in 1982. This memorial is dedicated to all the people who lost their lives fighting for liberty in the Vietnam War. The names of the US armed forces that were also Missing in Action (unaccounted for) were also engraved in the wall. These walls are testament to the greatness of these people who would fight for their country’s cause however vain. The walls are majestic. They were designed by Maya Lin, an architect from Yale. There are two walls and it is long, at least 200 feet. She used special stone walls from India called gabbro. These stones were imported specifically because of their excellent reflective property. One can actually look at the walls and stare at his own reflection. This is one of the major features of the wall, which is actual ly clever because the idea behind it is that when a visitor looks at the wall and sees his reflection, he could also look at the names of the veterans which symbolically means that the past and present are together in the wall. There are 58, 267 names engraved in the wall.

Rise of Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Rise of Civilizations - Essay Example The old world began to flourish with the Nile culture. It was around this time that the Egyptian began building sophisticated technologies and interactions with other cultures through trade important new techniques to Egypt. It is from this background that this paper seeks to inquire into the role of women in the rise of civilization in the old world in the Eastern and African civilization. An explosion of knowledge and the curiosity of adventure facilitated the revolution from the old world to the new world of civilization. In the pre-history of civilization, the role of women cannot be ignored. The first section of this paper inquires into the pre-historical times of North Africa and Europe and tracks the rise of civilization among the primitive humans. Egyptian civilization dominates discourse in early civilization as early as in the 4th century. The spread of this civilization to other parts of Africa, Asia and Europe through human contact saw the rapid increase in knowledge and sophisticated architectural advancement. The second part inquires into the emergence of new world characterized by a rampant technological advancement. Focus is narrowed to North America, Central America, the Caribbean and the South American. The Pre-European age and the role of women in the age is discussed in detail. ... 1). It is evident that political unification was a key played in shaping the cultural patterns of Egypt in the old kingdom. The entire period of Egyptian civilization was a systematic continuum of socio-cultural changes. A civilization is the starting point of any society. This has been the foundation of great societies like the Greeks and Romans. The rise of cities in North Africa as a feature of civilization is traced to cultivation activities along the Nile. The production of surplus food energized the people and expanded the population. Massive population growth led to the expansion of villages into cities along the villages of Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle East. The fertile land between the two rivers led to the development of powerful dynasties to control and protect this treasurer from intruders. Archaeological evidence shows piles of ruins in the valleys of Nile as the remains of opulent cities, well-organized social structures and political organization. From this archaeological evidence, it is clear that ancient civilization never began in the West. It originated in Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Asia, as John G. Jackson writes. "Those piles of ruins which you see in that narrow valley watered by the Nile, are the remains of opulent cities the pride of the ancient kingdom of Ethiopia They are a people now forgotten. A race of men now rejected from society for their supple skin and frizzled hair" (Jackson, 1939). The position of women in ancient civilization varies in Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Levant, Greek, Romans and Anatolia civilizations. The Egyptians are said to have treated their women better than any other civilization and this was prompted

Annointed Biblio Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Annointed Biblio - Annotated Bibliography Example Michael L. Ettredge, Chan Li, and Lili Sun (2006) The Impact of SOX Section 404 Internal Control Quality Assessment on Audit Delay in the SOX Era. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory: November 2006, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 1-23. Summary: The article provides us with useful information regarding the implementation of other SOX at ‘internal control quality’. Under the SOX act 404 and section 10-k filing, the internal control over financial reporting has supposedly causing more delays. The article also mentions that general weakness has been a major reason in audit delays and implementing SOX act 404 has been a reason for further delay in auditing. Hollis Ashbaugh†Skaife, Daniel W. Collins, William R. Kinney Jr., and Ryan LaFond (2008) The Effect of SOX Internal Control Deficiencies and Their Remediation on Accrual Quality. The Accounting Review: January 2008, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 217-250. Summary: Covering another aspect of the internal control on audit and accrual quality, this study provides us with facts that deficiencies and weaknesses in internal control have been the main reasons behind accrual quality. Firms with weaknesses in internal control display low quality accruals. These firms display both large negative and positive number of accruals when compared with firms that have a good internal control. This article again provides me with a different aspect of internal audit deficiencies and their effects on firm’s outcomes, its financial reports and accruals. The article would surely help me in my paper while covering the aspects of internal control in an auditing firm. Hollis Ashbaugh†Skaife, Daniel W. Collins, William R. Kinney Jr., and Ryan LaFond (2008) The Effect of SOX Internal Control Deficiencies and Their Remediation on Accrual Quality. The Accounting Review: January 2008, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 217-250. Michael L. Ettredge, Chan Li, and Lili Sun (2006) The Impact of SOX Section 404 Internal Control Quality

My Visit to the Vietnam Memorial Wall & Monument in Washington, DC Essay

My Visit to the Vietnam Memorial Wall & Monument in Washington, DC - Essay Example Many lives were wasted; many hearts broke because of this war, even if it meant â€Å"protecting the liberty† of a country. Because of this significance, the Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial Wall in Washington, D.C. was erected in 1982. This memorial is dedicated to all the people who lost their lives fighting for liberty in the Vietnam War. The names of the US armed forces that were also Missing in Action (unaccounted for) were also engraved in the wall. These walls are testament to the greatness of these people who would fight for their country’s cause however vain. The walls are majestic. They were designed by Maya Lin, an architect from Yale. There are two walls and it is long, at least 200 feet. She used special stone walls from India called gabbro. These stones were imported specifically because of their excellent reflective property. One can actually look at the walls and stare at his own reflection. This is one of the major features of the wall, which is actual ly clever because the idea behind it is that when a visitor looks at the wall and sees his reflection, he could also look at the names of the veterans which symbolically means that the past and present are together in the wall. There are 58, 267 names engraved in the wall.

Annointed Biblio Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Annointed Biblio - Annotated Bibliography Example Michael L. Ettredge, Chan Li, and Lili Sun (2006) The Impact of SOX Section 404 Internal Control Quality Assessment on Audit Delay in the SOX Era. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory: November 2006, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 1-23. Summary: The article provides us with useful information regarding the implementation of other SOX at ‘internal control quality’. Under the SOX act 404 and section 10-k filing, the internal control over financial reporting has supposedly causing more delays. The article also mentions that general weakness has been a major reason in audit delays and implementing SOX act 404 has been a reason for further delay in auditing. Hollis Ashbaugh†Skaife, Daniel W. Collins, William R. Kinney Jr., and Ryan LaFond (2008) The Effect of SOX Internal Control Deficiencies and Their Remediation on Accrual Quality. The Accounting Review: January 2008, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 217-250. Summary: Covering another aspect of the internal control on audit and accrual quality, this study provides us with facts that deficiencies and weaknesses in internal control have been the main reasons behind accrual quality. Firms with weaknesses in internal control display low quality accruals. These firms display both large negative and positive number of accruals when compared with firms that have a good internal control. This article again provides me with a different aspect of internal audit deficiencies and their effects on firm’s outcomes, its financial reports and accruals. The article would surely help me in my paper while covering the aspects of internal control in an auditing firm. Hollis Ashbaugh†Skaife, Daniel W. Collins, William R. Kinney Jr., and Ryan LaFond (2008) The Effect of SOX Internal Control Deficiencies and Their Remediation on Accrual Quality. The Accounting Review: January 2008, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 217-250. Michael L. Ettredge, Chan Li, and Lili Sun (2006) The Impact of SOX Section 404 Internal Control Quality

Pledge of Allegiance in School Essay Example for Free

Pledge of Allegiance in School Essay Pledge of Allegiance in School My choice of writing for the Rogerian essay is on the topic of the Pledge of Allegiance in School. â€Å"In a decision that stunned the nation, a federal appeals court in June ruled that reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is unconstitutional because the pledge contains the words under God â€Å" (Chmielewski). The banning of the Pledge of Allegiance is a very large controversial topic because one side believes that while the foundation of our country is religion, the other side believes that the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance is an infringement on our First Amendment right. The Pledge of Allegiance began in 1892. It was a way of showing a sense of celebration for being an American. Since 1892 the â€Å"Pledge† has been changed four times, and in 1954 the words â€Å"under God† were added (Chmielewski). A cause of the Pledge of Allegiance being banned from school is mostly because of these two words â€Å"under God†. An Atheist by the name, Newdow, filed the claim against the pledge because he did not want his second grade daughter pressured into saying something that he does not believe (Chmielewski). I believe that this topic has quite a bit of historic meaning because it basis is on our historical beginning. I think that because the times of our country and have changed so much, in that, religion is not just based on Christianity for our country anymore, it does way on peoples mind. I would like to show in this essay that the Pledge of Allegiance is an important part, not just in our schools, but in our nation. My research on this is going to be a bit strenuous. There are so many articles about court proceedings and individual states that it might be difficult to find a common ground. Most of what I have read has just been the individual states versus the Supreme Court or, as in the case above, the Nine District Court. I have read articles from Massachusetts, California, Washington, and Nevada, to name a few. Most of the articles also are very one sided. Meaning that the author shows what the problem in question is and then turns the article to what they believe.

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay All software utilities have been designed and made to improve the performance of computer systems. These software utilities can be an advantage to Sam because he does not know much about computers and is new to this electrical machine. Some functions and features that software utilities perform can be done manually but only by experienced and professional. Most new users cannot carry out such operations, which will improve the performance of his computer system manually. A computer system can maintain upmost computer performance through utilities and are suggested how they maintain computer performance below. Security (Anti-virus, Anti-Spyware and Firewall): There are two main areas to security within a personal computer that need to be maintained through the use of a software utility. One is firewall, a software utility which prevents unknown people and viruses from entering your computer. A firewall acts like a wall and a boundary between the computer and the internet. It only allows such connections that have a trusted certificate with them. If a person is not protected from such threats, other people can manipulate his computer or delete everything from his computer. The other security utility that is needed with in the computer is standard software that works in the background and checks for any viruses within the computer. These types of viruses enter a persons computer from a cd, usb or any other external sources which dont have access through the internet. You can get a utility software that functions both of these features. This is more convenient, takes less hard drive space, uses less CPU/RAM usage and also costs less. Anti-spyware software and utilities are needed on every computer especially if one is to use his computer for business work and contains valuable data on his operating system. Sam has the intention of buying a computer for his business work hence he wouldnt want anyone to take his data. Anti-spyware is a software that is designed and created for the sole purpose to detect and prevent spyware program installations. And if it finds one that is already installed on your pc then it will remove it instantly. Spyware can affect the performance of the computer system because it takes up hard drive space and also runs in the background of the computer (hence uses CPU and RAM memory). Sam can use a software utility such as SUPER AntiSpyWare. This will help Sam keep his information safe and secure. Malicious computer hackers, data-destroying viruses, and email spam are the main but few different possible threats to your personal security and your operating system. Without protection, hackers can gain control of any information stored on your computer and also disturb computer performance. It could go to the extent that the hacker can wipe out your operating system. By not being protected you can also encounter viruses; these sorts of programs are designed to damage, disable, or do other unwanted actions to your computer. To prevent these undesirable actions you can use a software utility such as Norton 360 or Kaspersky Internet Security Special Ferrari Edition. This software utility is made to protect against Viruses, Malware and also to stop threats from entering your computer. Been protected ensures that your computer performance should run smoothly. Sam needs his computer to be protected because he is going to be using his computer for business. He will have valuable data on their as customer details are should not be lost or stolen. Defragmentation: Defragmentation is process done to a hard drive in order to recover some lost disk space and also to improve the computers performance. Defragging is a vital process which needs to take place on your hard drive. If a hard drive is not defragmented, then over time the drive will slowly reduce the available capacity on the drive and begin to create performance issues. When you defrag your hard drive you re-arrange the order in which the data is stored on the drive to ensure that the good files and folders are set first so that the computer doesnt spend time searching for them. The PC will arrange the data so that data that belongs together and needs to be read together is actually put in the same place on the drive. You can defrag your computer using the software utility called defraggler. This software will guarantee your hard drives clean-up and tidying hence improve your operating systems performance. Sam needs to defragment his computer because if he doesnt then his computer will c lutter and form a load of useless files. This will then cause performance issues. Clean up Cookies and Internet History: Clean-Up is basically a utility that clears out all temporary files that dont need to be kept within the computer. This includes clearing all temporary files, emptying the Recycle Bin, removing all unwanted user data from sources such as the Internet cache, history and cookies. This can help the performance of a computer because it takes out and removes all of the waste permanently. A utility which carries out these actions is CCleaner. This makes sure that there is no clutter left in your operating system. Sam will have to use this system utility on a regular basis to keep his computer running at a good speed. Back up: Back-Up is a small saved copy of an operating system. This copy is made for emergency cases, where a persons computer has a vital breakdown and the only option available for the computer to properly function again is that you use the back up to restore your computer. You can use a utility software/tool such as CCleaner to create a backup for your operating system. Back-ups can be saved on the primary internal hard disk but if anything is to go wrong with the hard disk then you can lose all of the files including the back-ups made. This is why it is better to make back-ups on external devices such as USBs, CDs, Floppy Disks and external hard drives. Sam is going to be using his computer for business and needs to back up his work. Business data is valuable and cannot be lost. Screensaver: Screen Savers that are downloaded from random websites are normally the ones which affect the computers performance. There are also the flashy and very complex types of screensavers that affect computer performance. This is because the screensaver takes up some of the CPU (Central processing unit) usage and leaves less for the computer to run on then it would without the screensaver. One way of removing this is by getting to this address within the computer (Control PanelAppearance and PersonalizationPersonalization) then clicking on screensaver and applying one of the built in screensavers because these are less complex and also use up less CPU usage. It would be better to completely remove the screen saver and use the hibernating feature within the computer but to suite your needs I would only recommend the built in computer screensavers. If you dont like the screensavers provided than you should download some from the Microsoft website. Sam doesnt really need a screensaver; this i s because there isnt much benefit to a screensaver. If Sam wishes to use one then I advise his to use simple one for example the system default ones. Compression: Compression is when you reduce the size of files by changing its coding to a more efficient coding. This is done to make up more space on the hard drive. Compression doesnt remove and free a massive amount of space but every bit of space counts. Hence a computer with loads of files, when compressed can make a big difference and free a lot of space. Sam can save space on his hard drive by compressing his files. Driver updates: Updating your drivers is very important; whether it may be software updates or hardware updates. Normally when you buy a printer, the printer comes with a software driver CD. This familiarises people with the fact that software need to be updated but they are not normally familiar with updates for hardware devices, such as Intel devices, graphics cards and chipsets. These need to be updated to improve computer performance. New drivers are made by the company of the product and fix bugs, improve the security of the devices and give better performance. To find out which hardware and software drivers need updating, you could use a utility such as Driver scanner 2013 from Uniblue. This tool will scan all your operating system to tell you what drivers need updating. Having all your drivers updated your operating system should run at optimum speed. Sam needs to update his drivers because this helps to fix bugs and other performance issues. Operating system diagnostics: Operating system diagnostics is when you come up across a problem and then your computer gives you the option diagnose problem. The computer will then search for the solution to the problem. Once it finishes diagnosing then it will either give you the solution to the problem or it will tell you that it cant find the solution. For example when you internet is not connected and you open up your browser then it will give you some advice for why your internet is coming on and it will also give you the diagnose problem message. This will be of good use to Sam because he is new to computers and will not have enough knowledge on solving his computer problems. Conclusion: Over time, a computer may accumulate a lot of unnecessary data and a lot of errors. This can easily wear the performance of the computer down and can affect the operating system of the PC. Because of this you should use a computer utility program/or programs that would be able to provide the necessary help that you need in order to help maintain a smooth operating system. The best PC utilities manage and cover a wide range of problems. This is more beneficial, saves money and also hard drive space. Some recommendations for Sam, to stop his computer from accumulating performance issues. Security: (Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware and Firewall) -Run daily checks on your computer to viruses. -Keep your firewall on all the time. -Try to get a utility that contains all of these softwares in one. (Panda Antivirus Pro 2013) System Maintenance: Defragmentation- Defrag your computer every six months. Clean-Up- Run a clean-up on your computer every two weeks. Back-Up- back up your computer every two to three days. Screen Saver- runs a very basic screensaver but you will be better without one. Compression-compress your files whenever you find a folder full of clutter. Cookies and Internet History- should be done as part of a clean-up check but you need to clear you cookies and internet history every two weeks. Diagnostics: Driver Updates- drivers need to be updated every time a new update is released. Operating System Diagnostics- is just a problem finder and solution raiser. Use whenever in need of this service. These recommendations should stop your computer from accumulating performance issues.

Macbeth - Hero Or Villain? Essays -- essays research papers

‘Macbeth’ is a play by William Shakespeare that shows a protagonist going from bad to worse throughout the play. Shakespeare wrote this play, taking in mind current affairs at the time of 1603-1606. This is the time when a Scottish king, James I was given the English crown. This king was obsessed with witches, so Shakespeare brought this theme strongly into the play. It also brings the theme of treachery towards the King. This pleased King James and also pleased him about showing the line of Stuart Kings, James descendants, in Act 4, Scene 1. The play, ‘Macbeth’ is a tragedy. The traditional specification of a tragedy requires the tragic hero to be a person who holds a high position who must oppose a conflicting force, either externally or internally(a conflicting force from his own state or another. Also, the hero should have a Hamartia, which is a tragic flaw. This will lead to the hero’s downfall, in this case, it is Macbeth’s ambition. This downfall should lead to the hero’s death in order for him to qualify as a tragic hero. The action the tragic hero does must be real and could happen at any time. Macbeth becomes a villain when he discovers he will become King of Scotland. The traditional idea of a villain says that he or she should go by evil methods to get what they want. In the case of Macbeth, he killed Duncan to become King of Scotland. A villain is also cruel and ruthless. The villain may also be a person who commits crimes against the people and is all powerful. We hear about Macbeth even before we meet him. This is because the witches are casting a spell that foretells that Macbeth will meet them at the heath. In the scene with the captain, we hear that Macbeth is like a hero and is faithful to his king. â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman†, (I, ii) When we first hear about Macbeth, we learn the descriptions of him are positive towards King Duncan. But, they are also gory. They tell of Macbeth being a fierce warrior and not being afraid to kill in war. â€Å"Till he unseamed him from the nave to th’ chops†, (I, ii). After Macbeth meets the witches, he fully supports the evil they tell of to get what he wants. Whenever we see the witches, they appear to be pure evil, especially when they cast their spells. â€Å"Liver of blaspheming Jew† (IV, i). Even though the witches say Macbeth will be King of Scotland, they do not suggest that he kill Dunca... ...could have had if he didn’t commit the murders. He still wants this, but has chosen completely the opposite. Just before Macbeth is killed in his castle, he speaks valiantly and warrior-like, showing where his strength is. If we can forget about Macbeth’s ambition we can admire him for this. â€Å"Why should I play the Roman fool and die On mine own sword? Whiles I see lives, the gashes Do better upon them.† (V, viii). At the beginning of the play, we view Macbeth as being a hero who would defend his King and country against traitors. He also holds a lot of guilt about killing Duncan, and is commanded by his own wife to do so. When Macbeth progresses into a villain, he becomes more detached from Lady Macbeth and can make decisions without her. With this, he becomes more ruthless in his efforts to stay as the King of Scotland and people describe him as ‘This tyrant’ (V, iii) and ‘A dwarfish thief’ (V, ii). Throughout the play whenever Macbeth tries to achieve his ambition, he always blocks his good qualities in favour of a more villainous way. It is this ambition of his that leads him to become a miscreant later in the play, which leads to his undoing and eventual killing by Macduff.

Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers

Giovanni Vaccarello, a retired machinist form Brooklyn, New York, never took the safety of his family for granted. He often drove Maria, 18, and Concetta, 17, to their part time jobs. John, his fourteen year old son, was to wear a beeper at all times so that he would never be out of reach. Giovanni routinely walked Cathy, his wife of twenty five years, one block to her job at the beauty salon. But with all the precautions Giovanni took, nothing could stop him from Abraham Meyers, a 25-year-old janitor from Brooklyn. At about 11:30 on May 1, 1994, Giovanni left the Russo’s catering hall in Queens with Cathy, Maria, and Concetta. John lingered behind as the others crossed the street and headed for the car. It was then that Meyers, allegedly going at speeds over 70 mph without headlights on, smashed into them, sending the Vaccarello’s flying. Maria and Concetta died instantly, while Cathy held on for a few hours on life support before dying. Giovanni escaped with his leg broken in three places, but suffered a heart attack that kept him in the hospital for a month. Meyers’ blood alcohol was tested at .2, double the legal limit for driving while intoxicated. This was not the first time he would face charges for driving under the influence of alcohol, he has had his license suspended 26 times and has drunk driving convictions dating back to 1967. Although Meyers kept driving without a license, he never spent one day in jail. He now faces up to life in prison, but this is of no con... Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers Giovanni Vaccarello, a retired machinist form Brooklyn, New York, never took the safety of his family for granted. He often drove Maria, 18, and Concetta, 17, to their part time jobs. John, his fourteen year old son, was to wear a beeper at all times so that he would never be out of reach. Giovanni routinely walked Cathy, his wife of twenty five years, one block to her job at the beauty salon. But with all the precautions Giovanni took, nothing could stop him from Abraham Meyers, a 25-year-old janitor from Brooklyn. At about 11:30 on May 1, 1994, Giovanni left the Russo’s catering hall in Queens with Cathy, Maria, and Concetta. John lingered behind as the others crossed the street and headed for the car. It was then that Meyers, allegedly going at speeds over 70 mph without headlights on, smashed into them, sending the Vaccarello’s flying. Maria and Concetta died instantly, while Cathy held on for a few hours on life support before dying. Giovanni escaped with his leg broken in three places, but suffered a heart attack that kept him in the hospital for a month. Meyers’ blood alcohol was tested at .2, double the legal limit for driving while intoxicated. This was not the first time he would face charges for driving under the influence of alcohol, he has had his license suspended 26 times and has drunk driving convictions dating back to 1967. Although Meyers kept driving without a license, he never spent one day in jail. He now faces up to life in prison, but this is of no con...

Baroque Assignment

The period of art known as Baroque began in the late 16th century. The period introduced art that was complex, rich, and extravagant. This was a time when optimism was the law of the land and a more confident and self-assured attitude made itself known. This is reflected in most of the artwork in this period.Paintings in the Baroque period were more complex than sculpture, and it showed in almost every painting. (Gardner, 397, 402) The painting, â€Å"The Geographer† by Jan Vermeer, is an example of Baroque art in the 17th century.Encompassing the theme of cartography, the sea chart, globe, and the like, (Harden) the painting shows a man, interrupted from his work, looked out the window. It is interesting to note that the man in the painting might be Anthony van Leeuwenhoek. It has been said that the man in this painting fits the mold of an intelligent man, knowledgeable from literature and observation. (Gowing) This would certainly fit van Leeuwenhoek. In regards the the rest of the painting, there is an abundance of objects on the left, leading the viewer's eye to that area.It seems that the few objects on the right of the painting are unimportant. This painting embodies the four main characteristics of Baroque paintings: the use of diagonals, suspense, tenebrism, and snapshot quality. Diagonals play a major role in â€Å"The Geographer†. In fact, almost every line is at an angle to imply perspective. This gives the painting depth. Everything is on a diagonal, to the point where it almost looks as if the picture is slanted to one side.Other details to note are the compass in his hand moving at the same angle as his arm, creating movement in the direction of his other hand, creating a circle. Most of the movement of the piece leans to the left. Even the shadows seem to be at a diagonal. It seems as if the man in the painting is looking out the window at something. It looks as if he is disturbed, or shocked, with what he sees. Perhaps he was inter rupted from his work to witness something awful. This is the most exciting moment. The viewer can imagine what he is looking at, none of the possibilities pleasant.This is how the painting is suspenseful. One can only imagine what happened before, or what will happen after, this picture was painted, but one can be sure that this moment is the beginning of something exciting. Tenebrism is defined as a style of painting that uses violent contrasts of light and dark. In â€Å"The Geographer†, this is apparent. The strongest light source in the picture is on the left, adding even more emphasis to this side of the painting. The man's face is lit quite well, the viewer must be able to see his face for the viewer to understand his anguish.What he is working on is also well-lit. The wall, where nothing seems to be happening, also where there are no diagonals, is cast in shadow, making this wall unimportant. There seems to be stark lines of shadow, and then of light. (Harden) This con trast adds to the painting's shocked and disturbed feel. Looking at the painting reminds the viewer of looking at a photograph. The colors are rich, the strokes barely noticeable. However, more importantly, the painting resembles a photograph because of the emotion that is caught by the artist.It seems as though the artist painted this at top speed, just to catch the shocked look on the subject's face. Of course, it is impossible to paint that fast, and this is why it resembles a photograph. The characteristics of Baroque art in the 17th century show themselves in â€Å"The Geographer†. In an age of complexity, Vermeer took a subject and animated him with the use of shadow and light. The subject was captured in a state of shock, which leaves the viewer curious as to what he was looking at. Also, one cannot help but to notice the quality of the painting.In an age when optimism was the rule, this painting lends itself to a darker corner of the world, and Vermeer makes it work b eautifully. ? Gardner, Helen. Art Through the Ages. Chicago: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. 1959. ? Gowing, Lawrence. â€Å"Vermeer†. Essential Vermeer. 1950. 2001. 28 Jan 2009. http://www. essentialvermeer. com/cat_about/geographer. html ? Harden, Mark. â€Å"Jan Vermeer: The Geographer†. WebMuseum, Paris. 14 Oct 2002. 29 Jan 2009. http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/vermeer/geographer. html

Sample of Document

Entity:| Vietcombank| | Period ended:| 31/12/2012| Significant class of transactions/significant disclosure process name:| Credit origination – Transaction processing| | Significant class of transactions/ significant disclosure process owner:| Credit Policty at HODebt management division Client Division | |We obtain an understanding of the significant classes of transactions (SCOTs) and significant disclosure processes to identify and understand the risks of material misstatement at the assertion level (i. e. , what can go wrongs (WCGWs)) and, when applicable, to identify and understand the controls over the WCGWs. This template assists with completing S03 Understand significant classes of transactions and significant disclosure processes. Significant accounts affected and key business and financial statement risks related to these accounts: * Loan Acc * Interest Acc * Provision Acc * Expense Acc * Receivable Acc| Relevant assertions: * Valuation * Completeness * Right and Obl igation * Presentation and Disclosure * Existence | Nature of the SCOT (routine, non-routine, estimation): * Routine| Starting point (initiation) and timing of initiation and recording of the SCOT or significant disclosure process: * Customer’s application| Specific circumstances affecting the form and extent of the documentation: * None| Name of the IT application that supports the SCOT * | Inputs/outputs of the critical path of significant class of transactions/significant disclosure process| Inputs/outputs of the supporting IT application| Inputs: * | Inputs: * | Outputs: * | Outputs: * |Critical path (initiating, recording, processing, reporting, correcting incorrect information) We obtain an understanding of the SCOTs and the significant disclosure processes by obtaining an understanding of their critical path. The critical path includes: * Initiation: the point where the transaction first enters the entity’s process and is prepared and submitted for recording * R ecording: the point where the transaction is first recorded in the books and records of the entity * Processing: any changes, manipulation or transfers of the data in the books and records of the entity * Reporting: the point where the transaction is reported (i. e. posted) in the general ledger. When we obtain an understanding of the critical path, we obtain an understanding of how incorrectly processed information is detected and corrected on a timely basis. We also obtain an understanding of how transactions are accumulated and posted from the sub ledger to the general ledger, including controls over associated journal entries. We obtain an understanding of the policies and procedures in place that management uses to determine that directives are carried out and applied, including: * Authorization * Segregation of incompatible duties * Safeguarding of assets * Information processing * Performance reviewsWe use our understanding of the critical path and the policies and procedures to identify WCGWs and, when applicable, relevant controls. In the course of acquiring an understanding of the processing procedures, we frequently learn of many of the controls in use. Thus, while the emphasis at this point is not to identify the presence or absence of controls, we are alert to the possible absence of controls, and to the points at which errors could occur and controls are needed. We consider the effect IT has on the SCOTs and the significant disclosure processes. The manner in which we document our understanding of the SCOT or significant disclosure process is left to professional judgment of the engagement executives.However, for critical paths related to routine transactions, a graphical depiction of the flow (e. g. , flowchart), supported with narrative notes (e. g. , use of this template) normally provides for easier identification of the types of errors that can occur. No. | Describe the critical path for the significant class of transactions/significant disc losure process| Describe the automated aspects of the significant class of transactions/significant disclosure process, including: * Manual aspects that depend upon computer functionality or computer generated data * IT applications/infrastructure| 1 | Credit appraisal and granting proposal 1. 1. Loan application:For both HO and Branches, Credit Dept. s organised into 3 divisions:- Client and Project Investment (optional): responsible for receiving and appraising loan request, monitoring and finalizing/ liquidating the loan. – Debt Management: mainly responsible for storing credit contract and other supporting documents as well as updating required information into system; work with Client Division in monitoring the loan. And two Risk Management division : involved in credit approving process in terms of risk assessment. One is under HO and one is based on Ho Chi Minh CityFirstly, Client/ Project Investment officer receives client’s Loan Application and supporting docu ments – which are clearly stated in Article 14 – Decision 228/NHNT. HTQT: Lending Regulations1. 2.Loan appraisal: * Secondly, Based on documents obtained and the present credit regulations, Client/ Project Investment officer appraises client’s application under the following aspects: * Suitability (in relation to approved Credit limit, related regulations and current risk management policies of the bank) * Feasibility, efficiency and level of risk (if exist) related to client’s business plan * Solvency * Collaterals: Client officer who receives and appraises loan request also responsible for monitoring and appraising collateral. Deliverable of the officer at this stage is Collateral Appraisal Report (Form BD 1. 1. v002), including signature of client officer-in-charge and Head of Client Division.Regarding valuation, branches except for compulsory circumstances, are encouraged to cooperate with Independent Appraisal Firms (selected within the list of allow able firms, attached with Document 946/VCB. CSTD – Appendix 01). In case collateral is valued by VCB, Valuation Memo (Form 2. 2: Bien Ban Dinh Gia) must be prepared with signature of client and bank representative, under Decision 30/ VCB. CSTD. For collateral of over 20 billion VND, branch must send to HO the appraisal documents by Appraisal firm and Appraisal/ Periodic Revelation Report (Form BD 1. 2. v002), within 2 days since the reports are given their approving authority. | Manual | | * Next, Client/ Project Investment officer prepares and signs Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal (Bao cao th? m d? h va D? xu? t c? p TD), following Form 1. 4A, 1. 4B and 1. 5. * The Report is then submitted to Head of Client/ Project Investment Division (TP KH) for revising and signing in case the deliverables of Client/ Project Investment officer are accepted. Otherwise, he/she needs to document reasons as well as additional opinions * Credit/ Project Investment officer then prepares submission documents. a) For clients granted Credit limit, Client officer submits to Branch’s Director/ Vice Director or Client Director (GD KH) for HO clients. b) For clients granted Credit limit but required by Credit limit approving authority (C? p th? m quy? n phe duy? ) to seek for higher authority’s approval when granting the loan, Client officer submits to both Branch’s Director/ Vice Director and the authority which is stated in Announcement of Credit limit Approval (Thong bao phe duy? t GHTD). If the higher authority is Local Credit Committee (HDTD co s? ), there is no need to submit to Branch’s Director/ Vice Director. c) For clients not yet granted or beyond Credit limit, Project Investment loan is issued. – Branch-based client: Client/ Project Investment officer submits to Local Credit Committee’s Director to organise meeting based on its Regulation on Operations. – HO-based client: Client/ Project Investment off icer submits to authorised Client Director. For the credit limits beyond authority of Client Director, submission is sent directly to HO’s Credit Risk Management Division for subsequent steps. Submission documents include: * Client’s Loan Request (original) * Report on Credit/ Project investment appraisal and granting proposal (original) * Credit Scoring and Rating Table (original) * Legal documents for new customers * Financial statements * Other relevant documents (if available)| | 2. | Loan approvalBased on Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal, signed by Client officer and Head of Client Division together with supporting documents, the following parties in accordance with their specific authority will start the approving process:2. 1. Branch’s Director/ Vice Director * In case credit granted within Credit limit, Branch’s Director/ Vice Director approves the credit grant based on Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal signed by Cli ent/ Project Investment officer and Branch’s Director/ Vice Director, as well as accompanying submission documents. In case credit is granted within Credit limit but required by Credit limit approving authority to seek for higher authority’s approval when granting the loan, Client officer submits to both Branch’s Director/ Vice Director and the required authority (If the higher authority is Local Credit Committee (HDTD co s? ), there is no need to submit to Branch’s Director/ Vice Director). 2. 2. Local Credit Committee * Following its Regulations on Organisation and Operations, Local Credit Committee’s Director organises meeting based on submission documents prepared by Client/ Project investment officer. This Committee includes Branch’s director, Vice director and head of Client, Investment project and Debt management division. Local Credit Committee approves credit grants which fall within its authority. Otherwise, based on acceptance opi nion of Local Credit Committee, submission documents are then sent to Risk Management Division by client officer for subsequent steps. * For branches under the processing range of HCM-based Risk Management Division, Client officer submits set of Loan Proposal documents directly to HO’s Risk Management Division and 1 copy of Loan Proposal Form (Form 3. 2) to HCM-based Division in case of beyond its authority. * Branch’s set of documents include: * The original Request for Loan approval Form 3. 2 (T? trinh d? ngh? phe duy? t tin d? ng/DTDA) signed by Local Credit Committee’s Director. A copy of Local Credit Committee’s Meeting minutes * Submission documents to Local Credit Committee| Manual| | 2. 3. Risk Management Division * Based on set of Loan Proposal documents from the Branch, Risk officer evaluates credit risks and prepare Credit Risk Assessment Report (Bao cao ra soat r? i ro c? p tin d? ng) using Form 2. 3A/2. 3B/2. 4 * The report is then signed by Risk officer before being submitted to at least 2 controllers of Risk Management Division, who later provides their approval plus signature. * Afterwards, Risk officer prepares and signs off every page of Announcement of Credit/ Project Investment Approval( Thong bao phe duy? t c? p tin d? ng/DTDA) Form 4. , before: * submitting to Head of Risk Management Division and Risk Management Director for signature; * sending an original to the proposing Branch; a copy to General Director as well as relevant Branches. 2. 5. HO-based clients/ projects within Client Director’s approving authorityCredit proposals under this case are only considered ‘approved’ when the Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal is signed and given acceptance opinion by Client Director. Accordingly, Client/ Project investment officer prepares (Thong bao tac nghi? p) and transfers documents to HO Debt Management Division for storage, system entering and other subsequent steps. 2. 6.Risk M anagement Director and Client DirectorUnder this circumstance, Risk officer duplicates the steps within the approving authority of Risk Management Director as stated above. The proposal is only considered ‘approved’ when obtaining signature of both, except for either of them is absent. | | | 2. 7. Central Credit Committee * Central Credit Committee bases on Credit Risk Assessment Report (signed by at least 2 controllers of Risk Management Division) and Branch’s document set (original) prepared by Risk officer to call a meeting. * According to Meeting minutes, Risk Management Division prepares and signs off every page of Announcement of Credit/ Project Investment Approval (Form 4. 2) before submitting Director Central Credit Committee for signature. Then submit to: * Client Division at HO an original for subsequent steps * relevant Branches 01 copy * HCM-based Division a copy in case of approving the proposal of branches under its authority. 2. 8. Board of Directo rs * Under this circumstance, after being approved by Central Credit Committee, Risk Management Division prepares submission documents in accordance with Regulation of Loan grants under approving authority of BOD. * Risk Management Division then prepares Approval Announcement and sends documents in such a way as cases under Central Credit Committee’s authority; in which, documents to Debt Management Division must include Loan Approval Form by BOD. | | 3. | Making loan contract and collateral contractBased on approving results, Client officer continues to seek signature for loan and collateral contract. 3. 1.Loan contract/Collateral contract * Client/ Project Investment Division signs off (ky t? t) every page of loan contract/collateral contract and send to client for confirmation. After signing off by Client and Bank ‘s representer, Loan contract was sent to Accounting division and Debt management Division. collateral contract was sent to Storage division * If any disag reement arises, Client/ Project Investment officer must report to Head of Division. If necessary to amend content or approval conditions, Client/ Project Investment Division issues Form 1. 6: Report on Appraising and Proposing Credit Adjustment, submit to authorised bank representatives for approval. After obtaining client’s signature and original of collateral contracts, Client/ Project Investment Division register collateral transactions. * Client/ Project Investment officer prepares 02 (Thong bao tac nghi? p m? HDTD), sign off and submit to Head of Division for signature, before sending to Debt Management Division (relevant documents included) for storage and entering into system. * In case clients do not have CIF yet, Client Division prepares Thong bao tac nghiep mo so CIF (Form 5. 8) then sends to Transaction Accounting dept. to open new CIF. | Manual| 4. | Putting data into system and managing credit file * After signing loan contract, Client officer prepare and sign on â€Å"Thong bao tac nghiep m? h? p d? ng tin d? g† containing all information needed to put into system, conditions to disburse, a list of documents needed to store and special conditions needed to manage the loan. After that, debt management officer recheck and sign on â€Å"Thong bao tac nghiep†. * Basing on â€Å"Thong bao tac nghiep†, Debt Management officer is responsible for putting data into system. However, only when it is approved online by head/vice of debt management Division, will client data be disclosed on system. Debt Management officer stores all the documents listed on â€Å"thong bao tac nghiep†| IT Dependent| 5. | Disbursement of loanThe disbursement of loan involves the following steps which depend on the appointed approving authority.However, all of the appointed divisions are held responsible for checking the conformity of client’s withdrawal documents with credit contract. 5. 1. Client/ Project Investment DivisionIf withdraw al request is valid, Client officer prepares â€Å"Thong bao tac nghiep du dieu kien rut von† (Form 5. 4), signs off and submits to Division Head for signature before transferring documents to Debt Management officer for disbursement. 5. 2. Debt Management DivisionThe division directly receives withdrawal request from client and perform checking procedures. Client is required to amend information if found unsuitable. Otherwise, Debt Management officer starts disbursing the loan. 5. 3.Client/ Project Investment Division receiving request, Debt Management Division performing checking proceduresWithdrawal documents after being received and checked by Client officer, Debt Management officer takes over for disbursement, based on Credit Approval Announcement and Credit contract. If documents are found invalid, they are sent back to Client Division for completion. 5. 4. Higher authorityClient officer prepares â€Å"Thong bao tac nghiep du dieu kien rut von† (signed by him/her and Head of division). Afterwards, based on credit approval results, Client officer submits the above document and other supporting ones to higher authority. If approved, the documents are transferred to Debt Management for disbursement.The details of disbursement process are briefed as follows: * Debt Management officer opens loan account, fills in CIF, signs off Loan Receipt Note before updating into system for online approval of Division’s Head. * Next, the officer sends: * 01 Loan Receipt Note to client * 01 Loan Receipt Note and supporting documents to relevant departments for disbursement * The last Loan Receipt Note stored in the division. | IT Dependent| 6. | Post-disbursement Monitoring of Loan * At least every 6 months, Client/ Project Investment Division must recheck the loan usage status (usage purpose, collateral status, the balance between assets resulting from the loan and the outstanding balance).This is implemented in accordance with the predetermined plan ( monitoring schedule and methodology), which is proposed by Client officer when preparing Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal or when â€Å"Thong bao tac nghiep† at the latest. * For collateral monitoring, the following aspects must be assured: * Status compared to previous visit * Forecasted revaluations * Client’s conformity in preserving collateral * Proposal to modify collateral management methods (optional) * Proposal to add/ replace collateral (optional) * Debt Management Division is held responsible for reminding Client/ Project Investment Division about loan monitoring schedule. The result must be documented on Loan Monitoring Records (Bien b? n Ki? m tra), which is signed by Borrower’s representative and submitted to Head of Client/ Project Investment Division for revision and comment. * In case Client/ Project Investment Division detects any signals of risk, officer takes the initiative to propose the corresponding solution (included in Loa n Monitoring Records) before submitting to Head of Division, Director of Client Division (for HO-based clients) or Branch’s Director/ Deputy Director. * After finalizing the Record, officer sends 01 original to Debt Management, 01 copy to Risk Management Division for co-monitoring. | Manual | 7. Credit Adjustment * Depending on the real situation and client’s demand after credit approval, credit adjustment can be made correspondingly. * Procedures of Credit Adjustment are conducted in the same manner as that of Credit Proposal and Approval (only those who are authorised to approve credit are able to approve credit adjustment). Client / investment project officer prepares Report of credit appraisal and credit adjustment- bao cao th? m d? nh va d? xu? t di? u ch? nh tin d? ng. At risk management division prepares Credit risk assessment for adjustment report – Bao cao ra soat r? i ro di? u ch? nh c? p tin d? ng. * Client/ Project Investment Division prepare Thong b ao tac nghi? p di? ch? nh HDTD. | Manual| 8. | Loan and interest collection * At least 10 days before due date, Debt Management officer prints out the list of loans and transfer to Client/ Project Investment Division whose officer prepares a document to inform clients and in charge of pushing clients to pay principal and interest * System automatic calculate interest income for loan group 1 * At the due date of loan, Debt Management officer prints out the report of principle and interest up to due date and checking. Then this report is submitted to Head of Debt management for approving. This report is then transferred to Accounting Division for collecting. If collected in cash, Client has to pay at first at Cash Division. ; after collecting enough and checking, Cash Division. will sign on â€Å"Deposit slip† (Cash receipt) then transfers Cash Receipt Note to Accounting Division for booking entry. * Accountant makes the following entries: * With principal collection:Dr. : Cash / BankCr. : Loan to Customer * With interest collection:Dr. : Cash/ BankCr. : Interest Income * Accounting voucher printed out and signed by controller and chief accountant. | Application A*N*t Interest = ————- 360*100 A: Outstanding balance N:Days (From the last payment day to the next payment day). t:interest rate | 9. Overdue Debt Management * When the loan turns into overdue, debt management officer sends a Reminding Letter to the customer (at least once a month), approved by the Head/Vice of Debt Management Division. This letter is transferred to clients and a copy is also to deliver to the credit officer. * If the customers still don’t make payment after more than 3 times received the Reminding Letter, credit officer proposes to the Head of Client/ Project Investment Division to work directly with the customer’s representative to cover the debt. * Client/ Project Investment Division combines with Risk Management Division and Legal Divi sion if necessary to protect all the interests of VCB. | 10. | Contract liquidation and Collateral Release Collateral * After the client pays all principle and interest, Debt Management officer prepares and signs on Loan Closing Announcement (Thong bao dong h? so vay). * Client officer informs client of Loan Contract Liquidation (Form 7. 2). * Debt Management officer hands over all relevant documents to Client/ Project Investment Division before the former Division transfers to clients and sends the original of Handover Record (signed by both handover and takeover) to Debt Management for storage purpose. * Finally, Client/ Project Investment Division cancel Collateral Transaction Registry. | |